The ever-increasing threat of tariffs from our southern neighbour seems to be the only thing on people’s minds these days. While their implementation has been more on-again, off-again, in the first few months of 2025, their full impact would be financially burdensome for Canadian businesses across all sectors.
A new analysis from the Public Policy Forum conducted by Navius Research examines the potential impact on each province, as well as how Canada may be able to hit back via retaliatory tariffs.
"We undertook this study to provide quantitative guidance to policymakers in real-time," Inez Jabalpurwala, the forum’s president and CEO, said in a statement.
"The work reveals emergent areas of focus for Canadian leaders, including the urgent development of east-west, and west-east trade in Canada and beyond."
Sectors in every province would experience a form of decline, from gasoline and diesel refined in New Brunswick, aluminium exports from Quebec, steel and automobiles from Ontario, potash and uranium from Saskatchewan and oil and gas from Alberta.
What may actually happen if these tariffs are implemented?
The sector that will be most impacted by President Trump’s tariffs is vehicle manufacturing, potentially enduring a $93.8 billion hit in Ontario over a five-year period, while Quebec’s aluminum industry would stand to lose $12.7 billion over the same time frame.
However, the news is not all gloom and doom for Canadians. The report notes that sectors that are primarily trading between nationally or with Asia and Europe may be insulated from US tariffs and may actually experience growth during this period.
"Sectors with access to broader markets, such as offshore oil production in Newfoundland and LNG (liquid natural gas) production on the west coast, may actually benefit from tariffs," said Jotham Peters, managing partner at Navius Research, "which might be a guide for how Canada can insulate its economy in the future."
"Greater trade networks to either the east or west coast will help insulate Canada from trade shocks with the US and can act as leverage for the next tariff threat."
And what happens if Canada hits back?
On the flipside, Public Policy Forum’s analysis of the effects of a 25% retaliatory tariff on imports of 23 classes of US goods into Canada reveals more significant damage to the US than to Canada.
Some of the impacted industries include: food, pharmaceuticals, fabricated metals, alcohol and tobacco, manufactured goods, steel, plastics, cement, non-ferrous metals, paper, mining products, clothes and wood products.
The report also reveals how tariffs on some sectors would benefit Canada more than the US — the first being Canada has adequate opportunities to substitute away from US goods, such as with alcohol imports.
Secondly, there are certain industries that may be negatively impacted by US tariffs but have sufficient production capacity to meet needs across the country, such as steel in Ontario and Quebec.
The forum recommends avoiding tariffs on goods that rely on a highly integrated supply chain between the two countries, such as vehicles.
Furthermore, Canada would do itself more harm if it retaliates with tariffs on oil, electric products, raw wood, natural gas, chemicals, refined petroleum, machinery, biofuels, agriculture and vehicles.
BMO and American Express carry two of Canada’s best rewards credit cards. BMO recently reinvigorated Canada’s rewards credit card landscape when it launched a new point-earning powerhouse, the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card (terms and conditions apply). With this exciting new addition, we figured it was time for it to faceoff with American Express’s popular Cobalt® Card and see who delivers more rewards per round.
Welcome bonuses
The new BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card is an attention grabber, with one of the most generous bonus offers in Canada. New cardholders will get up to 60,000 points (a value of approximately $400 in travel rewards), a $50 lifestyle credit and the $120 annual fee waived in the first year – that’s a $570 value in your first anniversary!*
Cardholders get 30,000 BMO Rewards welcome bonus points after spending a minimum of $3,000 in the first three months of opening the account. Cardholders also get an additional 2,500 bonus points in each subsequent month that you spend at least $2,000, beginning 4 months from the account open date and ending 15 months from the account open date (as long as your account is in good standing). The primary cardholder will get the $120 first-year annual fee rebated on the first statement and a $50 lifestyle credit. That’s a total value of nearly $570. If you cancel your card in the first three months, your welcome bonus will be revoked. BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card applications must be received by November 30, 2024 to be eligible for the welcome offer.
The American Express Cobalt® Card is also offering one of its most attractive bonuses ever. In your first year as a new Cobalt® Cardmember, you can earn 1,250 Membership Rewards® points for each monthly billing period in which you spend $750 in purchases on your Card. This could add up to 15,000 points in a year. That’s up to $150 towards a weekend getaway or concert tickets. Terms and conditions apply.
Winner: The American Express Cobalt® Card’s bonus is impressive. But it’s hard to beat a first-year annual fee rebate, which allows you to try out a card for a year without paying for it upfront. For that reason, the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card edges out for the win in this category.
Accelerated and standard earn rates
The BMO eclipse Visa InfiniteCard wows with some of the highest accelerated earn rates in Canada in an impressive total of four major categories. You earn 5 BMO Rewards for every $1 spent on dining (including take-out, delivery and meal subscription services like Hello Fresh), groceries, gas, and transit. The accelerated earn rate maxes out at $50,000 in annual purchases per calendar year. Once you reach this cap, the earn rate goes down to the regular rate of 1 point per $1 in purchases.
The American Express Cobalt® Card offers a similarly revved-up reward rate with 5 Membership Rewards points for every $1 spent at eligible eating and drinking establishments in Canada (spend cap applies). You also earn 3 points per dollar on eligible streaming services, 2 points per dollar on ride shares, travel and transit in Canada and 1 point per dollar on everything else.
Winner: The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card steals the show with a total of four (incredibly useful and spend-heavy) categories with a high earn rate of 5x the points per $1 spent. And keep in mind that, as a Visa, it will be accepted almost everywhere. The same unfortunately can’t be said for Amex.
Ease of point redemption
The BMO Rewards program is incredibly flexible, and you can redeem points for numerous rewards like travel (flights, hotel stays, cruises, and vacation packages), as well as gift cards, merchandise, and more. You can even apply points towards your BMO Investorline account. Best of all, it has a unique redemption option called Pay With Points that you can put directly towards a credit card purchase. The program is great because you can choose how many points you want to redeem toward a purchase and you can redeem them for as little as $1. That said, BMO Rewards do have one achilles heel: You need 150 points for $1 worth of travel rewards (a value of approx. $0.0067 per point) and 200 points for a $1 credit against your card statement (a value of $0.005 per point). Those are relatively low values for the points you earn.
The American Express Membership Rewards program is renowned for its ease of use, flexibility and array of redemption options like gift cards, merchandise, travel, streaming services, movie tickets and more. Its best feature? The MR points earned by the Cobalt card can be redeemed against a card statement for a rate of 100 points per $1 ($0.01 per point).
Winner: The American Express Cobalt® Card’s points are worth much more than BMO Rewards points. Cobalt card for the win.
Annual fee and APR
The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card has an annual fee of $120 that is waived in the first year. It also features an annual interest rate of 20.99% on purchases and a cash advance APR of 23.99% (21.99% for Quebec residents).
The American Express Cobalt® Card carries a $155.88 ($12.99 monthly fee) annual fee but it’s charged in monthly payments. It has an APR of 21.99% for purchases and a cash advance rate of 21.99%.
Winner: The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card takes this one. While the monthly charge for the American Express Cobalt® Card can be more manageable, the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card offers no fee in the first year for new cardholders, and its annual fee is lower overall than one year’s worth of combined monthly fees from the Cobalt card. That said, it’s worth noting that the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card has a very high annual interest rate for cash advances and the slightly higher interest rate could hit someone hard if they can’t pay off their monthly balances in full.
Insurance offerings
The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card features the following: mobile device insurance, extended warranty insurance, purchase security insurance, out-of-province emergency medical insurance, common carrier insurance, and car rental collision/loss damage insurance.
The American Express Cobalt® Card also has a well-rounded array of insurance coverage that includes: out of province/country medical insurance, flight delay insurance, baggage delay insurance, lost/stolen baggage insurance, hotel burglary insurance, car rental theft and damage insurance, travel accident insurance, purchase protection plan and buyer’s assurance plan (a.k.a extended warranty), and mobile device insurance.
Winner: The American Express Cobalt® Card features a much more comprehensive suite of insurance, particularly for travellers. The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card is missing some key coverages, like lost/stolen/delayed baggage, hotel burglary, and flight delay.
Referral bonus
Primary cardholders of the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card that add a supplementary card to their account (at a cost of $50 per card) will get a 10% bonus earn rate on their spending. This benefit is for transactions made both by the primary cardholder and any authorized users.
American Express has always been known for its outstanding referral program. With the American Express Cobalt® Card, cardholders could get up to a maximum annual referral bonus of 75,000 Membership Rewards points for referrals who successfully apply for the card.
Winner: The American Express Cobalt® Card outshines the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card because of its lucrative referral program and the fact that there is no cost for supplementary cards.
Other value-added features
The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card features one really nice extra: you can enjoy an annual $50 “lifestyle credit” which can be used for whatever you want.
The American Express Cobalt® Card offers cardholders a nice list of additional perks like benefits at over 600 hotels around the world and a hotel credit of up to $100 USD at eligible properties for things like the spa, golf, or dining. You may also get a free room upgrade. Another great, potentially game-changing feature is that points can be transferred to other travel programs like Aeroplan, Avios, and Bonvoy. Cardholders also get free supplementary cards. Finally, the American Express Cobalt® Card is part of Plan It™ – The American Express® Installment Program, which makes payments more manageable by allowing you to pay off a part of your statement balance in monthly installments.
Winner: Show me the extras! Quantity counts and the American Express Cobalt® Card has the most additional perks.
Program perks
The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card gives cardholders access to the Visa Infinite program. Visa Infinite members can enjoy things like exclusive invites to dining, hotel and entertainment experiences that are not open to the general public. Cardholders will also benefit from 24 hour, 7 days a week access to concierge services, as well as the Visa Infinite Troon Golf Benefit for discounts at 95 resorts and courses around the world.
With the American Express Cobalt® Card, cardholders are part of the American Express Invites program and can take advantage of things like special access to events, front of the line advanced tickets, exclusive dining opportunities and invites to special experiences.
Winner: The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card with its Visa Infinite Program is the winner because the program includes concierge service and is a boon for avid foodies and golfers.
Eligibility requirements and application process
The BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card features a quick and easy online application process. You will need a minimum $60,000 (individual) or $100,000 (household) annual income and cannot have declared bankruptcy in the last 7 years to be eligible to apply.
Applying for the American Express Cobalt® Card is also easy and can be done online in just a few minutes. Applicants will get a response in as little as 60 seconds. Even better, the card doesn’t have a specific income requirement, making it much more accessible.
Winner: The American Express Cobalt® Card, with no minimum income requirement, gets top marks.
Which card wins overall?
While the American Express Cobalt® Card has lots to offer, including high point redemption values, great transfer options to other travel programs, and a good suite of insurance, the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card comes out ahead with its generous welcome bonus, high-earning categories, lifestyle credit, widespread merchant acceptance, and flexible redemption options like Pay With Points. It’s also definitely worth reiterating that the BMO card is a Visa card and the American Express card is, well, an Amex card, and is not as widely accepted as Visa cards. If you’re a frequent flyer with Air Canada or British Airways, you might still consider the American Express Cobalt® Card, however, for those who aren’t, the BMO eclipse Visa Infinite Card has most of your bases covered.
American Express is not responsible for maintaining or monitoring the accuracy of information on this website. For full details and current product information click the Apply now link. Conditions apply.
BMO is not responsible for maintaining the content on this site. Please click on the Apply now link for the most up to date information.
Last month, the number of Canadian vacationers in the United States experienced a significant decline, with bookings dropping by 40% compared to the previous year, according to Flight Centre Canada.
This downturn is largely attributed to US President Donald Trump’s imposition of tariffs on Canadian goods and his contentious remarks about annexing Canada as the 51st state. These actions have sparked a wave of nationalism among Canadians, leading to various forms of protest and shifts in consumer behaviour.
Canadians are choosing domestic and alternative international destinations
The decline in US travel is not limited to air travel. Data from Cascade Gateway indicates a 30% reduction in southbound crossings at Surrey’s Peace Arch border in February.
Travel agencies report that Canadians are opting for destinations outside the US, with increased interest in countries such as Vietnam, Mexico, Portugal and Eastern European nations. "Canadians are a really proud country and they’re angry… they don’t want to be spending [their dollars] in the US right now," Claire Newell, president of Travel Best Bets, told Global News.
Canadians are boycotting US products and services
Beyond altering travel plans, Canadians are actively boycotting American products and services. An Angus Reid Institute survey found that 78% of Canadians intend to purchase more domestic products, and 59% are boycotting US-made goods. The grocery sector is at the forefront of this shift, with 98% of respondents aiming to buy Canadian groceries. Additionally, 48% are cancelling or delaying trips to the US, and 41% are reducing their use of American e-commerce platforms such as Amazon.
This consumer shift extends to the beverage industry. Several Canadian provinces have removed American-made alcohol from liquor store shelves. Jack Daniel’s, a prominent US whiskey brand, criticized these measures as disproportionate, stating they are "worse than tariffs." The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) has ceased purchasing US products, leading to their unavailability in stores across the whole province.
Canadians are supporting local businesses and industries
Canadian businesses are adapting to these changes by sourcing locally and seeking non-US suppliers. For example, Tinhouse Brewing Company in British Columbia is now purchasing more Canadian grain and sourcing cans from China instead of the US. Owner Phil Smith told Reuters that, while Chinese cans are slightly cheaper, the shift reflects a broader Canadian reaction to US tariffs, including a preference for local products.
But Smith anticipates a downturn in the number of US customers visiting his brewery and hopes the ‘Buy Canadian’ movement inspires more Canadians to visit.
"If it’s made up for by locals staying local and buying local, then maybe it will net out," said Smith. "I suspect in the end, all of this is going to be a net loss for everybody: small business, big business and the consumer."
The bottom line
The imposition of US tariffs has led to a substantial decline in Canadian travel to the United States and a broader movement towards supporting domestic products and services. There is no doubt this trade war will have significant and far reaching impact on both sides of the border. But there is no doubt that Canadians are coming together, united, in efforts to make clear that Canada isn’t powerless in this battle.
My dog lives like a king. And he’s grown accustomed to this lavish lifestyle. From the time I purchased him from a breeder ($1,000), to expected and unexpected vet bills, grooming costs and an extensive (and impressive) wardrobe, let’s just say that I’m glad that I started budgeting for him well before he came into my home. He’s a pure-bred dog — a Japanese Chin — and one that’s not that common. But even with the rarity of his breed, he doesn’t even come close to making the list of the most expensive dog breeds in Canada.
Expensive dog breed costs and characteristics
In Canada, over the course of a dog’s lifetime, your pooch could cost you $22,000 to a whopping $83,000, depending on your dog’s breed and services required. The cost of owning a large dog breed tends to be significantly higher than smaller breeds. This is due to several factors, including higher insurance premiums related to potential health issues common in larger dogs, increased food costs due to greater dietary needs and more expensive equipment requirements. Large breeds need heavy-duty supplies such as durable toys, sturdy leashes and robust harnesses to accommodate their size and strength.
Pet parents may face higher costs for certain types of dogs due to breed-specific characteristics and market factors. Some of the most expensive dog breeds to own include:
Large breeds that typically require more extensive medical care and diagnostics
Dogs from irresponsible breeding practices that may develop costly health issues
High-energy working breeds requiring significant investment in training and enrichment
Breeds prone to genetic conditions that often need surgical intervention
Large dogs with intensive grooming requirements
Popular breeds commanding premium prices due to popularity
While it’s impossible to predict the total lifetime cost of any dog, you can make informed decisions about initial expenses, particularly during the puppy phase. For those with the financial resources and who really, really want a dog (and won’t let a little thing like money get in the way of pet parenthood), I’ve listed some of the most expensive dog breeds available in Canada.
For this list, I considered the average purchase cost, anticipated vet bills from breed health issues and projected pet insurance costs. These are considered to be the more popular breeds in Canada, so I left uber-expensive-to-purchase and rare breeds, such as the Tibetan Mastiff and Afghan Hound, off the list.
Top 15 most expensive dog breeds
French Bulldog (Average purchase cost: $4,000-$6,000)
Anna Giraldo | Shutterstock
The French Bulldog, known for its playful personality, emerged in 19th century England when lacemakers (yes, this was a real, old timey job, where people made lace) sought to create a smaller companion version of the English Bulldog. These charming dogs found their way to France during the Industrial Revolution, where they earned their namesake and eventually captured the hearts of the rest of the world.
While French Bulldogs command premium prices in today’s market — particularly for specialized colourings and the rare ‘fluffy’ variant which can cost up to $12,000 — potential owners should be aware of significant health considerations. As a brachycephalic breed (refers to dog breeds with a pushed-in face and shortened skull bones) characterized by their flat faces, these dogs frequently experience respiratory issues that may require corrective surgery, typically costing between $2,000 and $3,000. Additionally, they are susceptible to various ear, skin and eye conditions. Given their average lifespan of 10 to 12 years, owners should be prepared for substantial veterinary expenses throughout their pet’s life.
Samoyed (Average purchase cost: $4,000-$8,000)
Zanna Pesnina | Shutterstock
The Samoyed, originating from the Samoyedic people of Siberia, is a versatile working breed historically used for herding reindeer and pulling sleds. These hardy dogs were essential companions to the nomadic tribes of the region, helping them survive in harsh Arctic conditions.
Known for their distinctive "Sammy smile" and bright, friendly personality, Samoyeds combine strength and athleticism with a gentle, sociable nature. While they typically live 12 to 14 years, potential owners should note that this breed requires significant investment in both time and resources. Their thick, white double coat needs regular professional grooming, and their high energy levels demand consistent exercise and mental stimulation.
English Bulldog (Average purchase cost: $2,000-$6,000)
Irene Miller | Shutterstock
The English Bulldog, with its distinctive wrinkled face and charming personality, has history dating back to medieval England. Originally developed for the now-banned sport of bull baiting (pitting a bull against dogs with the aim of attacking and subduing the bull by biting and holding onto its nose or neck), these beloved dogs have transformed into gentle, affectionate family companions that command premium prices in today’s pet market.
While English Bulldogs are known for their friendly and humourous personalities, potential owners should be aware of their specific health challenges. Like their French Bulldog cousins, they often experience brachycephalic issues due to their shortened muzzles. Other common health concerns include cherry eye (a common eye condition in dogs that causes a red, swollen bulge to appear in the corner of the eye) and various skin conditions. Due to these potential health issues, it’s crucial for prospective owners to research thoroughly and work with reputable breeders. With proper care and good genetics, English Bulldogs typically live between eight to 10 years.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (Average purchase cost: $2,000-$3,500)
Inheart | Shutterstock
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, a cherished companion breed with royal heritage, represents one of the more costly small dog breeds available today. These elegant dogs, which gained particular fame during Queen Victoria’s reign, continue to be sought-after family pets thanks to their gentle nature and adaptable personality.
While these beautiful dogs make wonderful companions, potential owners should be aware of several health considerations. Common issues include luxating patella, a condition where the kneecap dislocates from its normal position. Additionally, veterinarians recommend screening for Chiari malformation and Syringomyelia, serious conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord. Despite these health challenges, well-cared-for Cavaliers typically enjoy lifespans of 12 to 15 years.
The Staffordshire Bull Terrier has come a long way from its fighting origins. Through selective breeding, this powerful and athletic breed has evolved into a gentle family companion that particularly excels at interacting with children. While the breed still maintains its historical courage and determination, these traits are now channeled into being a loyal and affectionate pet.
The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is typically a robust and healthy breed. However, like many purebred dogs, they can be prone to certain health conditions. The most common health issues seen in Staffies include hip and elbow dysplasia, hereditary juvenile cataracts and skin problems.
These majestic dogs have a fascinating origin story that dates back to 15th century Ireland, where they served as protectors of livestock, keeping wolves at bay. In modern times, Irish Wolfhounds have evolved into beloved family pets, known for their gentle demeanour, unwavering loyalty and calm disposition. With proper training and care, they make exceptional companions.
However, potential owners should be aware that these magnificent dogs come with significant responsibilities. Their impressive size translates to higher maintenance costs throughout their relatively short lifespan of six to eight years, not to mention the substantial initial purchase price. Irish Wolfhounds are predisposed to several health issues, including cardiac problems, liver conditions and progressive vision problems. Due to their remarkable size, these gentle giants require spacious living arrangements, ideally with access to a large yard where they can stretch their legs and enjoy regular exercise.
Bernese Mountain Dog (Average purchase cost: $1,000 to $2,500)
Vesna Kriznar | Shutterstock
The Bernese Mountain Dog, affectionately known as the Berner, is a gentle giant that captures hearts with its loving nature and impressive versatility. These majestic dogs are among the most sought-after breeds, commanding premium prices due to their exceptional qualities and characteristics.
The Berner has several health concerns that potential owners should be aware of. These include hip dysplasia, various forms of cancer (particularly bone cancer and lymphoma) and joint problems. To minimize the risk of these health issues, it’s crucial to work with a reputable breeder who conducts proper health screenings and maintains a responsible breeding program. A quality breeder will provide health clearances for both parent dogs and be transparent about the breed’s health challenges.
Chow Chow (Average purchase cost: $1,200- $2,000)
Anna Averianova| Shutterstock
The impressive Chow Chow, known for its distinctive lion-like appearance, offers an appealing combination of affordability and noble bearing. While initial purchase costs are relatively modest compared to other prestigious breeds, potential owners should carefully consider the long-term commitment.
These dignified dogs have moderate exercise requirements, making them suitable for less active households. However, their thick double coat demands significant grooming attention. Future owners should also prioritize early training and socialization to ensure their Chow Chow develops into a well-adjusted companion. With proper care, these loyal guardians typically enjoy a lifespan of eight to 12 years.
The Newfoundland dog is renowned for its gentle and laid-back personality, making it one of the most easygoing breeds you’ll ever meet. These loving giants are famous for their exceptional patience with children and their friendly demeanor towards other dogs. Their exercise needs are modest — a relaxing daily walk is all they need to stay happy and healthy.
Newfoundland dogs can be prone to a number of health issues, including hip and elbow dysplasia, bloat, cystinuria (an inherited metabolic disorder in dogs that affects the transport of certain amino acids, including cystine, in the kidneys), hypothyroidism, osteosarcoma and heart disease.
Saint Bernard (Average purchase cost: $1,000-$1,500)
Dulova Olga | Shutterstock
This gentle giant from the Swiss Alps starts as an energetic, mischievous puppy before maturing into a devoted and protective family companion. Their natural affinity with children has earned them the nickname “nanny dogs,” making them excellent additions to family homes when properly trained and socialized.
These massive dogs come with equally big responsibilities. Their hearty appetites mean significant food costs, while their thick double coats require consistent grooming to prevent loose fur from taking over your living space. As with other large purebred dogs, Saint Bernards can be prone to joint issues like hip and elbow dysplasia. Potential owners should also note their relatively short lifespan of eight to 10 years, typical for dogs of this size.
German Shepherd (Average purchase cost: $2,000-$3,500)
otsphoto | Shutterstock
The German Shepherd stands as a pinnacle of canine excellence, combining strength, agility and intelligence in a powerful yet elegant package. Renowned for their versatility and noble bearing, these dogs exemplify the perfect blend of working ability and devoted companionship, making them highly sought-after among dog enthusiasts.
While German Shepherds are remarkable animals, potential owners should be aware of several health conditions that can affect the breed. These include hip dysplasia (a skeletal condition affecting the hip joint), Degenerative Myelopathy (a progressive disease of the spinal cord), bloat (a life-threatening stomach condition) and various allergies that may require ongoing management.
Great Dane (Average purchase cost: $1,000-$3,500)
nik174 | Shutterstock
Known for their impressive stature and gentle demeanour, Great Danes have evolved from their historical roles as hunters and guardians into beloved family companions. These intelligent gentle giants form strong bonds with their families and excel in training when given proper guidance and consistency.
Health-conscious owners should prioritize screening for common breed issues including hip and elbow dysplasia and various eye conditions. Though their lifespan is relatively short at seven to 10 years, Great Danes fill those years with unwavering loyalty and affection.
Rottweiler (Average purchase cost: $1,500-$2,500)
photoschmidt | Shutterstock
The Rottweiler’s heritage can be traced back to ancient Rome, making it one of the oldest dog breeds still in existence. These powerful yet gentle giants have earned a reputation as loyal family guardians, with a typical lifespan of nine to 10 years. To ensure they become well-adjusted companions, it’s crucial to begin training and socialization efforts early, which helps shape their natural protective instincts in a positive way.
As with many purebred dogs, Rottweilers can face certain health challenges, particularly cardiac issues and joint problems such as elbow and hip dysplasia. Given their robust build and high energy levels, these distinguished dogs require significant daily exercise, consistent training and dedicated attention from their owners. While they may be considered a premium breed in terms of cost, their devotion and capabilities make them a worthwhile companion for the right family.
Portuguese Water Dog (Average purchase cost: $2,000-$4,000)
Lynda McFaul | Shutterstock
The Portuguese Water Dog’s irresistible curly coat has made them a popular choice among pet parents looking for a low-shedding breed. While their tight curls won’t leave your home covered in fur, their coats require dedicated grooming maintenance.
Like many purebred dog breeds, Portuguese Water Dogs are at a higher risk for certain genetic conditions. Be sure to get your dog tested for early-onset progressive retinal atrophy (a group of inherited eye disorders that leads to progressive and irreversible loss of vision), Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy (a fatal heart disease that affects young dogs), Gangliosidosis (a lysosomal storage disease that affects dogs when they lack an enzyme that breaks down a molecule in their brain and neural cells), hip dysplasia (a common orthopedic condition that affects the hip joint) and Addison’s Disease (an endocrine disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient amounts of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone).
Golden Retriever (Average purchase cost: $1,500-$2,000)
New Africa | Shutterstock
These intelligent dogs excel in multiple roles, from providing invaluable assistance as therapy and service animals to showcasing their skills in competitive events and maintaining their hunting heritage in the field. Their adaptability is matched only by their outstanding personality traits — combining a gentle nature with unwavering loyalty and an earnest desire to please their human companions.
While beloved family companions, Golden Retrievers are prone to several health conditions that can affect their quality of life. These dogs commonly experience musculoskeletal issues, including hip dysplasia and arthritis, which can impact their mobility and comfort. Additionally, they are susceptible to skin allergies and various eye conditions that require regular monitoring and treatment.
One of the most concerning health challenges facing Golden Retrievers is their increased risk of developing cancer compared to other dog breeds. Despite these health challenges, Golden Retrievers typically live between 12 to 13 years, during which they provide their families with unwavering loyalty and affection.
Although nearly a quarter of Canadians have been a part of the gig economy, 66% of gig workers were not aware of new rules requiring platforms to report users’ income to the Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA). This is according to the latest survey from H&R Block.
"In light of the new federal legislation, the [CRA] is able to compare what gig workers report their income to be from digital platforms against what the digital platform reports on their behalf," Yannick Lemay, H&R Block Canada tax expert, said in a statement.
"Despite this, many Canadians still appear tempted not to declare all their gig-related income, which carries significant risks and is breaking the law. The good news is that there are a multitude of tax benefits and credits that gig workers can claim to put money back in their pockets."
Nearly half (45%) gig workers took on gig work or a side hustle due to the increased costs of living.
Understanding gig work and taxes
Gig workers reported not being forthcoming with what their income was come tax time. More than a quarter of respondents (28%) said they didn’t declare all gig income when they filed their taxes last year. Now that tax filing season is in full swing for income earned in 2024, 30% said they weren’t planning to declare all-gig related income. Among gig workers, more than a third said they were willing to risk not declaring ‘any’ gig work related income.
However, once respondents learned of the CRA’s new rules requiring gig platforms to report user information and income to the agency, many had a change of heart.
H&R Block’s research revealed that two-thirds of gig workers were not aware of these new rules. When they learned about the new rules, 71% of gig workers said they were more inclined to declare their gig income. However, more than a third said despite learning of these new rules, they are still not inclined to report all gig income.
This exposes the reality for many gig workers that the tax implications around their source of income is not entirely clear to them. In fact, more than a quarter reported that they don’t have a clear understanding. Meanwhile, 37% say they don’t fully understand any nuances between being a gig worker versus being classified as self-employed for tax purposes.
The increasing reality of gig work
Most gig workers (90%) indicate thier gig work is a second income to their primary employment, versus 10% who say it’s their sole income. Overall, gig-related income represents an average 24% of total income among gig workers.
Gig-related income represents total income for 10% of Canadian gig workers; up to 20% of income for 69% of gig workers; 20 to 50% of income for 16% of gig workers and between 50 to 99% for 15%.
As well, there is a shift in how gig workers are increasingly open about side hustle with employers. A majority (60%) of gig workers who say their primary employer is aware of their side hustle, compared to 49% a year ago.
In contrast, this year’s study reveals that 40% of gig workers say that their primary employer isn’t aware.
Survey methodology
The study was conducted by H&R Block in French and English from February 12 to 13, among a nationally representative sample of 1,790 Canadian members of the Angus Reid Forum.
In the heart of Toronto, Descendant Detroit Style Pizza, a popular pizzeria, made headlines after announcing its decision to stop using American-made ingredients, a move driven by increasing concerns over the volatile US political climate and the trade war.
"I’m just looking at ways I can make a statement about how I feel about what’s happening in the States without standing on a soapbox and screaming at people," the owner, Chris Getchell, told CBC.
Canadian businesses shift away from US suppliers
Getchell’s decision is part of a larger trend among Canadian businesses, which are increasingly opting for domestic or alternative international suppliers over American ones. Rising trade tensions, political instability and economic unpredictability have motivated businesses to reduce reliance on US imports and instead source their products locally or from other global markets.
The are in good company as Canadian citzens and businesses alike look to adjust their buying habits to avoid buying anything from our neighbours to the south.
Grocery stores prioritize local and global alternatives
Mike Dean Local Grocer, which operates five stores across Ontario and Quebec, has already taken action in response to the tariffs that took effect on March 4. Owner Gordon Dean has been working hard to prioritize Canadian products, looking beyond the US for items that are typically sourced from there. In response to concerns over supply chain disruptions, his stores have begun sourcing produce from unexpected locations — such as grapes from Namibia — rather than relying on traditional American suppliers.
Rabba Fine Foods, a Toronto-based grocery chain, has strengthened partnerships with Ontario producers to replace US fruits and vegetables with Canadian alternatives. The company’s effort aligns with the growing trend of supporting local greenhouse industries, ensuring a consistent and reliable supply of fresh produce without the risk of American tariffs or trade restrictions.
Major retailers adapt sourcing strategies
Loblaw Companies Limited, Canada’s largest food retailer, has also adjusted its sourcing strategy. In addition to collaborating with existing vendors to increase the availability of Canadian products, Loblaw has been seeking new local suppliers to further diversify its supply chain. The company has even started prominently featuring Canadian-made goods in stores, online and in promotional materials, making it easier for consumers to support local industries.
Empire Company Limited, which owns Sobeys and Safeway, has taken similar steps. As customers increasingly inquire about product origins, Empire has committed to making Canadian products more visible and accessible. The company has also made it clear that it will push back against any price hikes from US suppliers resulting from tariff-related issues, ensuring fair pricing for Canadian consumers.
Other industries look beyond the US market
Beyond the food industry, other Canadian businesses have also made strategic shifts to avoid US markets. Teck Resources Limited, one of Canada’s leading mining companies, has plans to redirect its zinc sales away from the US and towards Asian markets in an effort to avoid US tariffs. To facilitate this transition, Teck has secured additional storage and port capacity in Canada, ensuring a smoother distribution process.
Canadian businesses embrace economic independence
The growing shift away from American suppliers highlights not only economic concerns but also an underlying desire among Canadian businesses to assert independence in global trade. As Getchell put it in his CBC interview, his decision is also about values: "We have everything we need here, and I just think it’s important that we support each other," he said.
As Canada continues to navigate an evolving global trade landscape, more businesses are expected to follow in the footsteps of these pioneering entrepreneurs, reinforcing the strength and sustainability of Canadian supply chains. Whether motivated by economic necessity or personal convictions, the movement to prioritize Canadian alternatives is reshaping the way businesses operate and consumers shop, proving that homegrown solutions can be both practical and principled.
Sources
1. CBC: Toronto pizzeria cuts out U.S. ingredients until Americans make ‘more responsible electoral decisions’ (March 3, 2025)
In Canada alone, Costco serves more than 10 million members across 100 warehouses. Canadians love Costco — in fact, Canada has nearly double the stores per capita than in the U.S., and Canadian stores are more profitable from an overall operating income standpoint. Many regular Canadian Costco shoppers are also quite devoted to the store, especially once they invest in a membership.
Let’s explore what it means to be a Costco member and what each membership tier offers. Is the price of a Costco membership worth it for your lifestyle? Is the cost worth the perks you’ll receive? We’re about to find out.
How does a Costco membership work?
Costco memberships, regardless of your country of origin, may be used at any Costco location around the world. To be eligible for a membership, you must meet the following criteria:
18+ years old
Live in a household where no one else currently has a Costco membership
Have a legal/valid Canadian ID or document proving your identity.
Comparing Costco membership tiers
If you are eligible for membership, there are three tiers you may choose from, each of which comes with specific perks and unique pricing. Here’s a quick breakdown of each Costco membership tier:
Gold Star
The Gold Star Costco Membership includes up to two household cards (one member, plus one additional household member 18 years of age or older) for $65 CAD, renewable annually. This membership is the most basic of the three and allows you to purchase products at any Costco location.
If you prefer to shop in bulk, or prefer to make one stop rather than several for the household items you need (ranging from groceries to electronics), a Gold Star Costco membership is a good option for you, and is likely worth the annual investment.
Business
A Costco Business membership allows you to make personal, resale or business-related purchases at any Costco location. Like the Gold Star membership, the annual fee is $65 CAD but includes more perks, such as:
A free household card
Ability to add affiliate cardholders for $65/EA
Purchase for resale
With this plan, members must provide Costco with appropriate resale information to take advantage of the purchase-for-resale perk.
Whether you run your own business or are a buyer for a larger company, a Costco Business membership could be a good option if you frequently purchase a variety of items for business in bulk, or if you regularly buy items for resale purposes.
Executive
Finally, the Executive Membership is the highest tier of the Costco memberships and costs $130 CAD annually. This includes the standard $65 membership fee plus a $65 upgrade fee, and will provide:
A free household card
Annual 2% reward on qualified Costco purchases (terms and conditions apply)
Additional benefits and greater savings on Costco services (i.e. dental plans, identity protection, business health insurance and more)
Extra benefits on Costco Travel products
Of the three Costco membership tiers, the Executive level clearly provides the most benefits, but it’s important to determine whether the $130 annual membership fee is worth the investment for your personal needs or business before subscribing.
Other Costco membership perks
Did you know that you can use Costco for more than just buying in bulk?
Costco offers a range of special discounts and services to its members, ranging from car insurance, home insurance, identity protection, home loans, personal checks, self-storage, business and personal health insurance, and travel services. They also offer payroll and payment processing services for businesses. Other Costco services to check out include:
Costco online shopping: Costco delivers an online shopping experience that’s similar to what many online retailers offer. You must register for an account to access and place orders for the vast collection of products and services available. Upon registration, your Costco membership is linked to your online account.
Costco Travel: Costco’s collection of travel booking services may be your go-to option if you’re looking to book your next cruise, vacation or car rental. While Costco has a solid reputation, it’s still always a good idea to do some comparison shopping to help you find other competitive rates.
Costco Gasoline: Most Costco locations provide gasoline that’s often priced 6 or 7 cents per litre below most of the leading gasoline retailers. If you refuel frequently, this gasoline discount may be worth the cost of your Costco membership.
Costco Pharmacy: Most Costco locations include a full-service pharmacy offering a wide collection of health-related products and services. Costco members in all provinces but Prince Edward Island and Quebec can order prescriptions online and have them delivered to their home address.
Costco Optical: Most Costco locations also avail an optical department. You don’t need to complete an eye examination from a Costco location to buy eyewear products.
Costco credit card: Costco warehouse locations only accept Mastercard branded credit cards. Members can enjoy the no-annual fee CIBC Costco Mastercard. The card offers up to 3% cash back on eligible purchases.
While Costco’s extensive list of services is impressive, membership will only make sense if you have the means to shop and buy in bulk. Let’s take a closer look at whether a Costco membership ultimately provides a satisfactory return on spending for the average customer.
Is getting a membership to Costco worth it?
A Costco Gold Star or Business membership automatically makes sense if the retailer tends to be your one-stop shop for your grocery, home, tech and business needs. Basically, if you prefer buying in bulk but aren’t completely sure whether you’ll spend enough to benefit from an Executive membership, a Gold Star or Business membership is highly recommended.
Obviously, the biggest advantage of a Costco Executive membership is the 2% cash back savings; however, this 2% cash back only makes sense if you naturally spend enough to reap a good return. You shouldn’t be struggling to spend more when you shop just to make an Executive membership worth it.
Items that can pay off your Costco membership
If you’re still weighing whether a Costco membership is worth it, you probably need to take advantage of the items that can help pay off your membership. These may include:
Tires: You might be paying too much buying your tires outside the Costco warehouse club. Tire purchase prices at Costco are a huge bargain. You can get up to $80 off certain tire brands, which can help conveniently pay off your Costco membership.
Guarantees: The Costco guarantee system gives more reason to shop at the warehouse club, and can single-handedly pay off your membership. If you’re dissatisfied with your Costco membership, you’ll get a refund for its full cost.
Gas: Filling up at Costco stations will help you save money on gas. Filling up at one of its gas station a few times a month can earn you enough savings to pay for your Costco membership.
Wine: Your average savings at Costco wine will be about $5 per bottle. A dozen bottles per month will single-handedly pay off your Costco membership.
Movie tickets: Costco may sell you two movie tickets for nearly half the cost of purchasing at the box office. If you’re an avid cinephile, the few dollars off will add up to an amount worth the cost of your membership.
Get more benefits with the CIBC Costco Mastercard
Interested in more member benefits? The CIBC Costco Mastercard, exclusively for Costco members, provides additional rewards. Whether you’re a Gold Star, Business or Executive member, you can use your CIBC Costco Mastercard on Costco purchases and everything else to receive 3% cash back on restaurants and Costco gas, 2% cash back at other gas stations, electric vehicle charging stations and Costco.ca, and 1% on all other purchases including at Costco.
To determine whether a Costco membership is worth the annual investment, we’ll need to calculate your potential return on spending. To give you a better idea of your possible savings, here’s a projected rate of return for one year as an Executive member using the CIBC Costco Mastercard:
$8,800 CAD = misc. ($58 annual cash back after $3,000 spend)
These annual projections reflect the average Canadian’s spending habits in each category. In simplified terms, an Executive level membership is worth it if you’re spending at least $3,000 per year on Costco visits.
What’s best for you matters most
Ultimately, it’s important to sit down and figure out your annual spending before investing in a Costco membership, especially for an upper-level tier like the Executive membership. If your calculations show that you’ll likely spend enough to cover the annual fees and you frequently buy in bulk, a Costco membership could be a great financial option for you.
If you love Costco and believe in its business, it may be worth it to buy Costco stock. Its dividends could fund your membership.
In the escalating trade tensions between the United States and Canada, the power of Canada to respond with ‘elbows up’ is proving to have impact, epecially when it comes American alcohol producers.
Of all of the liquors we get up here from south of the border, few are as iconic as Jack Daniel’s Whiskey. Jack Daniel’s is more than just a whiskey brand — it’s a symbol of American tradition and Southern heritage. And it’s no longer being sold in Canada is a symbol in its own right, and its CEO has taken notice.
Lawson Whiting, CEO of Brown-Forman, the parent company of Jack Daniel’s, expressed deep concern on a post-earnings call, over Canadian provinces removing US liquor from store shelves, stating it is "worse than a tariff" and a "disproportionate response" to levies imposed by the Trump administration.
Canadian provinces halt US alcohol sales
Several Canadian provinces, including Ontario and New Brunswick, have ceased the import and sale of US-made alcohol in retaliation to President Trump’s 25% tariffs on Canadian goods. This decision led to the removal of American products, such as Jack Daniel’s, from store shelves.
Ontario Premier Doug Ford ordered the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) to remove US alcohol from its shelves and catalogues. The LCBO, one of the largest alcohol buyers globally, had previously offered 3,600 US products from 36 states.
Impact on US alcohol producers
While Canada accounts for approximately 1% of Brown-Forman’s sales, the removal of products from shelves directly impacts the company’s revenue. Whiting emphasized that this action is more detrimental than tariffs, as it entirely eliminates sales in the affected regions.
The broader implications for US alcohol producers are significant. The United States exported $1.6 billion worth of spirits globally in 2023, with Canada being a key market. The removal of American alcohol products from Canadian shelves threatens this revenue stream and could lead to a surplus of unsold inventory, affecting production and employment within the industry.
Contrasting alcohol distribution systems
The impact of these measures is further complicated by the differing alcohol distribution systems in Canada and the US. In Canada, alcohol sales are predominantly controlled by provincial government agencies, such as the LCBO in Ontario. These entities decide which products to stock, and their decisions directly influence market availability. As a result, a government-mandated removal of US products leads to an immediate and comprehensive absence from the market.
In contrast, the US operates a more decentralized system, with private retailers playing a significant role in alcohol distribution. This structure means that any retaliatory measures by the US might not result in as immediate or uniform a removal of Canadian products from shelves, potentially leading to less direct impact on Canadian alcohol producers.
In other words, Americans, at first glance, may not see the removal from store shelves to be as significant as it really is. Only a closer look and an understanding of the reality that these shelves are the only source to purchase alcohol for Canadians, will help pull the curtain on why a tariff would be far less impactful.
Potential long-term consequences
The removal of US alcohol products from Canadian shelves could have lasting effects on brand loyalty and market share. Canadian consumers may turn to alternative products, leading to a potential decline in demand for American brands even after trade tensions ease. Also, prolonged absence from the market could encourage Canadian retailers to establish stronger relationships with non-US suppliers, further challenging American producers’ efforts to regain shelf space in the future.
The current trade dispute between the US and Canada has led to significant challenges for American alcohol producers. The removal of products from Canadian shelves not only impacts immediate sales but also poses long-term risks to market presence and consumer loyalty. As the situation evolves, stakeholders on both sides of the border will need to navigate these complexities to mitigate financial losses and restore stable trade relations. And, in the meantime, while the US takes a shot at us, Canadians will be taking a shot of something other than Jack Daniel’s.
An 86-year-old New Brunswick man is facing a hefty fine for an accident he has no memory of — an incident that took place 65 years ago in Toronto.
Ossie Gildart was shocked to learn that his driver’s licence had been suspended due to an uninsured accident from 1960, after a recent fender-bender led him to Service New Brunswick in Bathurst, according to CBC News.
“I just couldn’t believe it. I couldn’t remember having an accident that I wasn’t insured with,” Gildart told CBC. “[The representative] said, ‘Mr. Gildart, I’m sorry, you can’t take the test, your licence has been suspended.’”
The fine amounts to $4,661.91, which Gildart is expected to pay before his licence can be reinstated. The charge stems from Ontario’s Motor Vehicle Accident Claims Fund, which is used to help individuals recover damages from accidents involving uninsured drivers. However, Gildart is certain he was insured during his time in Ontario.
Long history of licence renewals with no issues
While living in Ontario, Gildart worked as a service technician, a position that required him to have insurance. He was also required to renew his driver’s license annually. After moving to New Brunswick in 1971, he received his Class 1 license and drove trucks for CN Rail. He has never encountered any issues related to the alleged 1960 accident during his years of licence renewals, in Ontario or New Brunswick.
“I was never notified by anybody, for anything. I was never suspended. I never had a problem. I just can’t believe they do this to a senior,” he told CBC.
How New Brunswick enforces old suspensions
Geoffery Downey, a spokesperson for New Brunswick’s Department of Public Safety, explained the situation to CBC News. He said that Service New Brunswick conducts a Canada-wide search for licence suspensions in other provinces. With that said, something popping up on the search doesn’t necessarily mean anyting will come of it. There is, Downey explained, descretion.
“If our investigation proves the reason for suspension is a court-ordered [judgment] more than 10 years old, we have no obligation to another province to suspend or collect the outstanding amount,” Downey said in an email obtained by CBC.
Gildart’s licence has since been reinstated, and his driver’s test was rebooked. However, the $4,600 fine still stands, and he is now required to pay it back in monthly installments of $200.
The Ontario Ministry of Public Business and Service Delivery has noted that individuals facing claims through the program have options to contest the charges. "If an individual is sued and disagrees, they may defend the action that has been commenced against them," said spokesperson Jeffery Stinson in the CBC story. “If a judgment has been issued, they may seek legal advice to move to have the judgment set aside.”
Recourse and possible steps to rectify the situation
Request for documentation: One of Gildart’s first steps should be to formally request any documentation related to the alleged 1960 accident from the Ontario Ministry of Transportation. This will include any accident reports, evidence of an uninsured driver and court judgments. Gildart can then examine this material with legal counsel to assess whether there are discrepancies or mistakes in the records.
Legal action to set sside the judgment: If the claim has led to a court judgment, Gildart may have grounds to seek the judgment be set aside. Legal experts suggest that individuals in similar situations should consult a lawyer to ensure the judgment was legally obtained and whether there is a possibility of challenging it. This may involve showing that Gildart was insured or that the claim was incorrectly assigned to him
Debt payment negotiation: While Gildart’s licence has been reinstated, the fine still stands, and he must now pay $200 per month. If Gildart cannot afford these payments, he may be able to negotiate a reduction or extension. Debt relief services or legal counsel can also help negotiate with the Ministry of Public Business and Service Delivery on payment terms that are more manageable, depending on his financial situation.
Investigating any statute of limitations: Gildart should also investigate whether there is any statute of limitations that could bar the claim from being enforced after so many years. In Ontario, the limitation period for many civil claims is typically two years, but this may differ depending on the type of claim or whether the case falls under an exception. Legal advice on whether the claim is valid after more than six decades could be crucial.
Consult with an insurance company: They can confirm the history of insurance or if there were penalties related to a lapse in coverage.
Sources
1. CBC: New Brunswick driver gets a $4,600 fine — for an accident that happened 65 years ago (Feb 19, 2025)
Many Canadians are looking at their financial well-being in 2025 with at least some level of concern. A new H&R Block survey reveals 64% of Canadians are concerned that 2025 is going to be a challenging year for them financially.
"Many Canadians are feeling the pinch of higher costs-of-living and are looking to manage spending and seeking ways to put money back in their pockets. This includes embracing filing their taxes, with nearly two-thirds of Canadians who are expecting a refund this year," Yannick Lemay, H&R Block’s tax expert, said in a statement.
"The good news is there are more than four hundred tax credits and benefits that help Canadians minimize their taxable income and maximize their refunds, from childcare, education credits, dental benefits, Canada Workers Benefit, and health and wellness related expenses and many more."
In fact, over three-quarters (78%) of respondents to the survey say plan to reduce spending in 2025 due to the cost-of-living price pressures.
Financial issues facing Canadians
Overall, 92% of Canadians are concerned that the looming impact of tariffs will further increase the cost-of-living, and 81% are concerned tariffs will negatively impact their finances.
Around two-thirds of Canadians worry about spending within their means, whereas around a quarter are more focused on living their best life. Overall, 63% say they live comfortably at their income level; conversely 32% struggle to make ends meet each month.
Some relief can come from tax refunds. Nearly two out of three Canadians expect a refund this year, of which 35% indicate they’re expecting the same or a bigger refund this tax season compared to previous years. However, according to the H&R Block release, a large portion of Canadians report having no idea whether or not they’ll get a refund.
By extension, more than a third of Canadians don’t feel they have a good understanding of all the new tax credits and benefits to maximize their return this year. Just under a quarter of respondents report being part of the gig economy, of which 27% aren’t clear on tax implications of any gig-related income.
What are Canadians spending their money on?
The top three expenses by percentage of monthly income are day-to-day essentials (which accounts for 27% of Canadians net income), rent and mortgage payments (24%) and credit card and loan payments (14%).
The remainder of the top 10 Canadian expenses looks like this:
Childcare related costs: 10%
Technology and subscriptions: 10%
Health and wellness : 8%
Put towards savings account: 8%
Entertainment: 7%
Food take-out and delivery services: 6%
Apparel: 6%
Just over a quarter of Canadians (27%) say they are frugal with their money as they are focused on saving up to buy a home in the future. However, a third take the opposite viewpoint, feeling they may as well enjoy spending, since buying a home seems out of reach.
Survey methodology
The survey was conducted by H&R Block from Feb. 12 to 13, among a representative sample of 1,469 Canadians in English and French.
